Friday, September 20, 2024

The Nissan Stadium

1.     Adelphia Coliseum – 1999 – 2002
2.     The Coliseum – 2002 – 2006
3.     LP Field – 2006 – 2015
Address: 1 Titans Way
Location: Nashville, Tennessee
Owner: Metropolitan Government of Nashville
             and Davidson County.
Executive Suites: 177
Capacity: 69,143 2006 – Present(1)
Former Capacity:
1.     67,700 1999(2)
2.     68,498 2000(3)
3.     68,798 2001(4)
4.     68,804 2002(5)
5.     68,809 2003(6)
6.     68,932 2004(7)
7.     69,149 2005(8)
Record Attendance:
Overall à 73,874 Ed Sheeran, the Mathematics Tour,
            July 22nd, 2023)(9)
Surface:
1.     Matrix Helix Turf(10) 2023 – Present
2.     Natural Grass 1999 – 2022
Broke Ground: May 3, 1997(11)
Opened: August 27th, 1999
Construction Cost: $290 million ($530 in 2023
                              dollars(12))
Architect:
1.     HOK Sport(13)
2.     McKissack & McKissack(13)
3.     Moody Nolan(13)
Structural Engineer: Thronton Tmasetti(14)
Services Engineer: M-E Engineers, Inc.(13)
General Contractor: The Stadium Group, comprising
                                Bovis, Jones & Jones Construction
                                (15)
Tenants:
1.     Tennessee Titans (NFL) 1999 – Present
2.     Tennessee State Tigers (NCAA) 1999 – Present
3.     Nashville SC (MLS) 2020 – 2021
4.     Music City Bowl (NCAA) 1999 – Present

Nissan Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Nashville, Tennessee. Owned by the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, it is primarily used for football and is the home of the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL) and the Tigers of Tennessee State University(16). The stadium is the site of the TransPerfect Music City Bowl, a postseason college football game played each December, from 2020 until 2021 the home field Nashville SC of Major League Soccer (MLS). It is used for concerts such as those affiliated with the CMA Music Festival each June. The stadium also has facilities to host public events, meetings, and parties.(17)

Nissan Stadium is located on the east bank of the Cumberland River, across the river from downtown Nashville and has a seating capacity of 69,143(18). Its first regular-season game was a 36 – 35 win over the Cincinnati Bengals on September 12th, 1999(19). Nissan Stadium has been known by Adelphia Coliseum (1999 – 2002), the Coliseum (2002 – 2006), and LP Field (2006 – 2015).(20)

The stadium features three levels of seating. The lower bowl encompasses the field and the club and upper levels form the stadium's dual towers, rising above the lower bowl along each sideline. The stadium’s luxury suites are located within the towers. Three levels of suites are located in the stadium’s eastern tower, one between the lower and club levels, and two between the club and upper levels. The western tower has two levels of suites between the club and upper levels. The press box is located between the lower and club levels in the western tower. Nissan Stadium’s dual video boards are behind the lower bowl in each end zone.

As of the 2023 season, the playing surface is Matrix Helix Turf with an organic infill. Before 2023, the playing surface was Tifsport Bermuda Sod, a natural grass. The climate of Nashville and the wear of hosting a game nearly every weekend often required the field to be resodded in the area between the hashes in November, and the stadium had amongst the highest lower body injuries of any in the NFL during the 2018 – 2021 seasons. (21)

On the stadium’s eastern side is the Titans Pro Shop, a retail store that sells team merchandise. (22)

With Tennessee State being the tenant, Nissan Stadium is the largest stadium in the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS formerly known as I-AA).

History

During the 1995 NFL preseason, the Houston Oilers faced the Washington Redskins in an exhibition game at Neyland Stadium in Knoxville, Tennessee. At the game, Oilers owner Bud Adams met Nashville Mayor Phis Bredesen and began discussing the possibility of moving the team to Middle Tennessee due to Adam’s discontent with the team’s lease at the Astrodome and the unwillingness of the City of Houston to build a new football-only stadium. Later that year, Adams and Bredesen announced the team’s intent to move to Nashville. The city and team decided to locate a stadium on the eastern bank of the Cumberland River across from downtown Nashville, in what had been a declining industrial/warehousing area.

In a special referendum on May 7, 1996, voters in Metropolitan Nashville/Davidson County voted to approve partial funding of the proposed stadium. The vote, which allocated $144 million of public money to the project, passed with a 59 percent majority(23). The pro-stadium organization, known as “NFL Yes!”, outspent the anti-stadium group by a ratio of 16:1 during the campaign.

The funds would initially be raised through an increase in the Metro water tax. Much of the remaining construction costs were funded through the sale of personal seat licenses. Some money from the State of Tennessee was allocated to the project, on the condition that the Tennessee State University football team move its home games there, and that the incoming NFL team be named Tennessee instead of Nashville.

The stadium’s construction was delayed when the construction site was hit by a tornado that struck downtown Nashville on April 16th, 1998, and destroyed several cranes, but the stadium opened in time for the first scheduled event.

On May 3rd, 2010, the stadium’s playing surface was filled with 6 feet of water due to the heavy rains and flooding from the Cumberland River. The flood also reached down to the locker rooms of the stadium.

The stadium received upgrades in mid-2012. Among the improvements are a new sound system, high-speed elevators to the upper levels, and LED ribbon boards mounted on the faces of the upper mezzanines. Two new HD Lighthouse brand LED video displays measuring 157 feet by 54 feet were installed, replacing the entire end zone scoreboard apparatuses. At the time of installation, the two boards became the second-largest displays in the National Football League (trailing only AT&T Stadium).(26)

In 2014 and 2015, the stadium hosted the Nashville Kickoff Game, a college football game featuring major NCAA teams for Tennessee.

During the 2018 season, two 20th-anniversary logos were put in each of the end zones to help celebrate the Titans’ 20th year in Nashville. The yard line numbers were also changed to match the number style on the new uniforms.

From 2021 to 2023, Indy Car ran the Music City Grand Prix which used a street track that used streets in Downtown Nashville and around the stadium. The stadium facilities were used for Club seats for the races.(27)

In February 2022, the Titans paused ongoing renovations to the stadium, citing the rising costs and the structure,(28) to explore the possibility of replacing the facility shortly (29). They would later commit to a full replacement in late 2022, releasing renderings for their new stadium, which will possibly open in 2027.

On July 1st, 2023 the stadium hosted the Monster Jam World Finals 22.(30)

On July 3rd, 2024, the human remains of an unhoused man who disappeared a couple days prior were located inside a tent were found in a section of the stadium parking lot that is located near the Cumberland River, foul play has not suspected in the incident and the official cause of death has not been determined yet.(31)

Naming Rights

During its construction, the stadium had no official name, though it was generally referred to as “The East Bank Stadium”, a reference to the stadium’s location on the eastern bank of the Cumberland River. Upon its completion, it was given the name “Adelphia Coliseum” in a 15-year, 30 million dollar naming rights arrangement with Adelphia telecommunications company. However, after Adelphia missed a required payment and subsequently filed for bankruptcy in 2002, the agreement was abandoned and the stadium became known simply as “The Coliseum” for four years. (Adelphia itself was dissolved in 2006.)

A naming rights deal with Nashville-based Louisiana-Pacific was inked on June 6th, 2006. Louisiana-Pacific, which markets itself as “LP Building Products”, paid $30 million over 10 years for naming rights(32). LP’s influence inside the stadium led to the creation of the LP Building Zones in 2007, located beneath the giant scoreboards from Daktronics at the north and south ends of the stadium. The concession stands and restrooms in those two areas were decorated to look like suburban homes using LP products.

On June 24th, 2015, car manufacturer Nissan, which has its North American headquarters just south of Nashville in Franklin operates a large manufacturing plant in nearby Smyrna, and is headquartered in Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan, bought the naming rights for the stadium in a 20-year contract, rebranding the stadium as Nissan Stadium(33)(34). As part of the sponsor agreement, a 2016 Nissan Titan pickup truck was placed next to the stadium scoreboard.(35)

Tennessee Titans

The Tennessee Titans have posted an impressive record at Nissan Stadium since moving there in 1999, including winning their first 13 games before losing to the Baltimore Ravens on November 12th, 2000(36). Overall, in a total of 181 games, the Titans are 100 – 76 in the regular season and 2 – 3 in playoffs at Nissan Stadium(37). Since moving to Nissan Stadium, the Titans have made the playoffs nine times, played in three AFC Championship Games, and appeared in one Super Bowl (XXXXIV).

Music City Miracle

On January 8th, 2000, one of the most memorable and debated plays in NFL history took place at then-Adelphia Coliseum. The “Music City Miracle” (as it has come to be known) was a last-minute trick play on a kickoff return that resulted in a touchdown and catapulted the Titans past the Buffalo Bills to the Divisional Playoffs. It also ensured that the Titans would go undefeated in the first season in the team’s new home. The victory was seen in front of a franchise-record crowd. (38)

Soccer

Nissan Stadium regularly hosts soccer matches featuring the United States men’s national team as well as the women’s national team and visiting professional clubs. The venue was first used for soccer on April 20th, 2004, in an exhibition game between the Los Angeles Galaxy of Major League Soccer and Tecos UAG of the Mexican Primera Division(39). Since then, Nissan Stadium has been used for friendly matches by the U.S. women versus Canada in 2004, a return of Tecos against rival F.C. Atlas in 2005, and the U.S. men versus Morocco in 2006(40). The stadium helped host the CONCACAF men’s 2008 and 2012 qualifying tournaments for the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics.(41)(42)

On April 1st, 2009, the U.S. men’s national team played a World Cup qualifier beating Trinidad and Tobago, 3 – 0. The match says Jozy Altidore became the youngest American to score a hat trick for the national team(43)(44). The U.S. men returned on March 29th, 2011 falling to Paraguay in a friendly before a record crowd of 29,059 – the largest to attend a soccer game in the state of Tennessee. (45)

Nissan Stadium was chosen for two games of the Group Stage for the 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup.

The record crowd for a soccer game played in Tennessee is 56,232 and was set on July 29th, 2017, when English Premier League clubs Manchester City and Tottenham played an exhibition match at Nissan Stadium.(46)

Major League Soccer club Nashville SC began playing at the stadium in February 2020 and played their final game there in 2021.(47)

Concerts and Events

Nissan Stadium can also serve as a large concert venue. The main stage for the annual CMA Music Festival, held every June, is located in the stadium.(48)

Copyrights and references 

1.     Peters, Craig. "Titans (1–1) to Host Broncos (1–1)
        Sunday at LP Field". Titansonline.com. Archived
        from the original on October 24, 2011. Retrieved
        October 17, 2011.

        County Times. July 8, 1999.

        Both of Them". Harlan Daily Enterprise.
        September 7, 2000.

4.     "Titans Fans Salute". Daily News. November 5,
        2001.

        Tuscaloosa News. August 25, 2002.

        11, 2003. Retrieved October 17, 2011.

7.     Weir, Tom (September 20, 2004). "Colts heat
        Today. Retrieved October 17, 2011.

8.     "Raiders won't throw it back". Inside Bay
        Area. October 31, 2005. Archived from the
        original on January 6, 2016. Retrieved October
        17, 2011.

9.     Smithson, Daniel (July 24, 2023). "Ed
        at Nissan Stadium". Sheeran had 73,874 fans
        attend his concert on Saturday night, breaking
        the previous record set by Taylor Swift during
        her Eras Tour concerts, according to Nissan
        Stadium representatives.

        www.tennesseetitans.com. Retrieved January
        31, 2023.

        Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. May 4, 1997.
        Retrieved October 17, 2011.

12.   1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How
        Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992).
        (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–
        present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
        Retrieved February 29, 2024.

13.   Jump up to:a b c d e "LP Field". Ballparks.com.
        Retrieved February 6, 2014.

14.   "Sports" (PDF). Thornton Tomasetti. Retrieved
        October 17, 2011.

15.   "Patrinely Group". Patrinely Group. Archived
        from the original on April 2, 2012. Retrieved
        October 17, 2011.

16.   Munsey, Paul; Suppes, Cory (2004). "Nissan
        Stadium". football.ballparks.com. ballparks.com.
        Retrieved November 18, 2020.

17.   AP (June 25, 2015). "Tennessee Titans' home
        Today. Gannett Satellite Information Network,
        LLC. Retrieved November 21, 2020.

18.   "Nissan Stadium". StadiumDB.com. Retrieved
        November 21, 2020.

19.   "Nissan Stadium History". Pro Football
         Reference. Retrieved November 21, 2020.

20.   "Nissan Stadium". CollegeGridirons.com.
         Retrieved November 21, 2020.

21.   Wyatt, Jim. "Why the Titans Are Switching
        www.tennesseetitans.com. Retrieved
        January 31, 2023.

22.   "Titans Store Locations". Titans Pro Shop.
        Retrieved September 4, 2023.

        October 31, 2011.

        USA Today Online. May 3, 2010. Retrieved
        May 3, 2010.

25.   Mullen, Bryan (May 3, 2010). "UPDATED:
         Archived from the original on December
         31, 2013.

        Sports Calendar". Visit Nashville TN.
        September 16, 2020. Retrieved October
        19, 2020.

28.   Hammonds, Dalton (February 17, 2022).
        Channel 5. Retrieved February 21, 2022.

29.   Davis, Chris (February 18, 2022). "Titans
        Stadium'". News Channel 5. Retrieved
        February 21, 2022.

        All Titans. July 3, 2024. Retrieved July 4, 2024.

32.   [1][dead link]

        (Press release). Tennessee Titans. June 24, 2015.
        Archived from the original on January 6, 2016. 
        Retrieved June 25, 2015.

34.   Wyatt, Jim (June 24, 2015). "Titans' stadium
        Tennessean. Retrieved June 25, 2015.

        At Titans' Stadium". Truck Trend. August
        18, 2015.

37.   "Nissan Stadium History". Pro-Football-
        Reference.com. Retrieved November 2, 2020.

        HISTORY.com. Retrieved October 27, 2018.

        City Paper. Archived from the original on
        December 8, 2008. Retrieved November 14,
        2008.

        Nashville City Paper. Archived from the
        original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved
        November 14, 2008.

        U.S. Soccer Federation. Archived from the
        original on November 12, 2011. Retrieved
        November 11, 2011.

        2009. Retrieved May 1, 2009. [dead link]

        April 2, 2009. Retrieved May 1, 2009.
        [dead link]

        Soccer. March 29, 2011. Archived from
        the original on March 8, 2012. Retrieved 
        January 24, 2012.

        Tennessean. September 11, 2018.
        Retrieved January 22, 2020.

48.   "Visit CMA Fest". visitcmafest.com.
        Retrieved October 27, 2018.



Tuesday, September 17, 2024

Commander's Field

 

Photo Credit
Researched and compiled 
by Carrie Birdsong

Former Names: Jack Kent Cooke Stadium 1997 – 1999
Redskins Stadium 1999
FedEx Field 1999 – 2023
Address: 1600 FedEx Way(1)
Location: Landover, Maryland
Owner: Washington Commanders Josh Harris
Operator: Harris Blitzer Sports & Entertainment
                Non-NFL Events
Executive Suites: 257
Capacity: 65,000
Former Capacity:
1.     62,000 – 63,000 (2022)(2)
2.     58,000 (2021)(3)
3.     67,617 (2015 – 2021)(4)(5)
4.     79,000 (2012 – 2015)(6)
5.     83,000 (2011)(6)
6.     91,704 (2009 – 2010)(7)
7.     91,665 (2004 – 2008)(7)
8.     86,484 (2001 – 2003)(7)
9.     85,407 (2000)(7)
10.   80,116 (1997 – 1999)(7)

Construction

Broke Ground: March 13th, 1996(8)
Opened: September 14th, 1997
Expanded: 1998, 2000, 2005
Construction Cost: US$251 million
                              ($476 million in 2023 dollars)(9)
Services Engineer: M-E Engineers, Inc.(10)
General Contractor: Clark Construction(11)
Main Contractors: Driggs Construction Co.(12)
Tenants
1.     Washington Commanders (NFL) 1997 – Present

Commanders Field is an American football stadium located in Landover, Maryland, five miles east of Washington, D.C. The stadium is the home of the Washington Commanders of the National Football League (NFL). From 2004 until 2010, it had the NFL’s largest seating capacity at 91,000, with it currently having a capacity of 65,000(13)(14). The stadium is owned and operated by the Commanders, with non-NFL events managed by team owner Josh Harris’s company Harris Blitzer Sports & Entertainment (HBSE). The stadium opened in 1997 as Jack Kent Cooke Stadium, with it being known as FedEx Field from 1999 to 2023. The stadium was renamed Commanders Field in 2024 after the naming rights were relinquished by FedEx.(15)

History

In the 1990’s, Washington Redskins owner Jack Kent Cooke was seeking to replace RFK Stadium as the team’s stadium. Cooke sought to build next to Laurel Park Racecourse along Whiskey Bottom and Brock Bridge roads, but lack of parking facilities and public support prompted him to discard the idea(16). Instead, the stadium was built in Landover, Maryland, on Wilson Dairy Farm. A special exit, Exit 16 (Arena Drive), was built from Interstate 495, also known as the Capital Beltway. Cooke named the site Raljon after his sons Ralph and John, registering it with the United States Postal Service for the stadium's Zip Code. Cooke died months before the opening of the new stadium, which his sons named Jack Kent Cooke Stadium. It opened on September 14th, 1997, with the first game being held against the Arizona Cardinals.(17)

Daniel Snyder bought the team and stadium from Cooke’s estate in May 1999, briefly naming it Redskins Stadium before selling the naming rights to FedEx for 27 years at an average of $7.6 million per year. The stadium was officially renamed FedEx Field on November 21st, 1999(18). The Raljon dateline requirements and placename were phased out by Snyder by the start of the 1999 season(19). From 2002 to 2010, the Redskins led the NFL in home attendance(20). In the early 2010’s, 14,000 seats were removed from the upper deck due to lack of demand(6)(21). By 2015, another 4,000 seats had been removed(22). In July 2023, the team and stadium were acquired from Snyder by a group headed by Josh Harris for $6.05 billion dollars(23). The following year, Harris’s company Harris Blitzer Sports & Entertainment (HBSE) took over operating non-NFL events at the stadium(24). In February 2024, FedEx announced that it had opted out of its naming rights contract before its expiration in 2026(25). The franchise applied the team’s name to the stadium while seeking a new sponsor.(26)

Design

The stadium has five level: the Lower Level, the Club Level, the Upper Level, and the Lower and Upper Suite Levels. The Lower Level is named after Bobby Mitchell, a running back and executive with the team from 1962 to 2002(27)(28). The Club Level is named after Joe Gibbs, the team’s head coach from 1981 to 1992 and from 2004 to 2007. The Upper Level is named after former NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle. The stadium has 257 suites as of 2023.

Notable Events

College Football

Commanders Field hosts the annual Prince George’s Classic college football game, which is a game usually between two historically black universities. It has hosted several other college football games, including the 1998 game between Notre Dame and Navy, the 2004 Black Coaches Association Classic between USC and Virginia Tech, and the 112th – Army – Navy Game.

Soccer

Commanders Field has been used for several international soccer matches. On March 28th, 2015, Argentina defeated El Salvador at the stadium before a crowd of 53,978(29). On June 7th, 2014, the stadium hosted a doubleheader. In the first game, Spain, the 2010 World Cup winner, defeated El Salvador 2 – 0 in a warm-up match in front of a crowd of 53,267. In the second game, D.C. United played the Columbus Crew to a scoreless drew in the first regular-season game United hosted at the stadium. It hosted four preliminary matches and one quarterfinal doubleheader in the 1999 FIFA Women’s World Cup. On July 1, 1999, the United States women’s national soccer team defeated Germany 3 – 2 in the FIFA Women’s World Cup 1999 quarterfinals.

The stadium has also hosted a number of club soccer exhibition matches. During the 2005 World Series of Soccer, D.C. United hosted Chelsea F.C. there; the 31,473 spectators represented D.C. United’s third-highest ever home attendance. On August 9th, 2009, D.C. United hosted another international friendly game against Real Madrid at FedEx Field in front of 81,807 fans. FedEx Field was used on July 19th, 2014, in the International Champions Cup as Manchester United played Inter Milan(30)­. On July 26th, 2017, Manchester United played F.C. Barcelona again at the FedEx Field as part of International Champions Cup. This time the Catalan club secured a narrow 1 – 0 victory over Manchester United in front of 80,162 fans, with Neymar’s last goal for F.C. Barcelona being the difference(31). On August 4th, 2018, FedEx Field hosted a 2018 International Champions Cup match between Real Madrid and Juventus. Real Madrid won 3 – 1. On July 23, 2019, FedEx Field also hosted a match between Real Madrid and Arsenal. The match ended 2 – 2, and Real Madrid won the penalty shootout. Commanders Field was being considered as a 2026 FIFA World Cup venue before being rejected.(32)(33)

Rugby Union

Commanders Field hosted a rugby union match between New Zealand and the USA Eagles on October 23rd, 2021(34). This was the first time a rugby union game has been hosted at FedEx Field.

Criticisms

The stadium is regarded as one of the worst stadiums in the NFL, being ranked as the worst in several polls.(36)(37)(38)

In January 2007, The Washington Post reported that former team owner Daniel Snyder met with Washington D.C. officials and former Virgina Governor Terry McAuliffe about building a new stadium(39)(40). In 2005, eight years after the stadium opened, 1,488 premium “dream seats” in three rows were added in front of what was the first when the stadium was built(41). The stadium is about a mile away from the Morgan Boulevard station, the nearest Washington Metro station to the stadium. Furthermore, federal regulations prohibit publicly paid shuttle service from public transit agencies when a private service is available­.(42)

In 2021, three water leaks occurred near to fans(43). In 2022, as Philadelphia Eagles quarterback Jalen Hurts was walking down the away team tunnel, a barrier separating seated fans from the away team tunnel gave way and caused several people to fall near him(44). According to several witnesses, team staff did not show care for or call for medical attention for the fans who fell, but yelled “get the F off the field”. The team released a statement responding to the criticisms, claiming the team did provide medical evaluations on site, but one fan denied that they did. Hurts was the only one who asked if they were okay(45). Hurts later wrote an open letter about the incident to the NFL, asking that action be taken to prevent an incident like this from recurring.(46)

Links and References

1.     "FedExField Stadium Guide". Washington
        Commanders. Archived from the original
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        2022.

2.     Paras, Matthew (September 22, 2022).
        again". The Washington Times. Retrieved
        March 24, 2024.

3.     Hruby, Patrick (May 17, 2023). "Josh Harris
        Snyder". Washingtonian. Archived from the
        original on August 27, 2023. Retrieved
         August 27, 2023.
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        Media Guide. Washington Redskins. August 28,
        2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on
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6.     Jump up to:a b c Jones, Mike (April 2, 2012).
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7.     Jump up to:a b c d e Steinberg, Dan; Jones, Mike
        (July 14, 2011). "Redskins Say They Were Unable
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8.     "March 13, 1996: Construction Begins on JKC
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9.     1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much
        1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much
        Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal
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12.   "Where a Stadium Soon Will Grow". The
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13.   Allen, Scott; Hahn, Fritz (September 7, 2024).
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14.   Fortier, Sam (September 10, 2023). "At FedEx
        The Washington Post. Retrieved March 24, 2024.

15.   Rogers, Winston (February 28, 2024). "FedEx
        2 years before contract expires". WJLA.

16.   Richards, Katherine (August 11, 1994).
        "Clergymen protest stadium: Traffic would hurt
        churches, they say". The Baltimore Sun. ProQuest
        2289246850. Redskins owner Jack Kent Cooke is
        seeking a special exception that would allow a
        $160 million National Football League stadium in
        an industrial zone east of Laurel in Anne Arundel
        County. The Redskins are also hoping for
        variances from county codes on matters such as
        parking and landscaping for the 78,600-seat
        stadium.

17.   Vick, Karl; Heath, Thomas (September 15, 1997)
        The Washington Post. Retrieved February 28, 
        2024.

18.   Heath, Thomas (November 22, 1999). "Absolutely
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        Retrieved February 28, 2024.

19.   "Goodbye to Raljon, and good riddance". The
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20.   "2008 NFL Attendance Data". Pro-Football-
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21.   Biggs, Brad (July 15, 2011). "FedEx Field
        sell". National Football Post. Archived from the
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22.   Steinberg, Dan; Allen, Scott (June 1, 2015). "For
        From FedEx Field". The Washington Post.
        Archived from the original on June 2, 2015.
        Retrieved June 1, 2015.

23.   Jhabvala, Nicki. "Josh Harris preaches patience,
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24.   Muret, Don (February 5, 2024). "HBSE takes
        VenuesNow.com. Archived from the original on
        March 1, 2024. Retrieved February 10, 2024.

25.   Jhabvala, Nicki; Maske, Mark (February 28,
        Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived
        from the original on February 28, 2024.
        Retrieved February 28, 2024.

26.   Kronzer, Patrick; Venezky, Emily (February 28,
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